Improve pr-quick-check.yml GitHub reusable workflow

[KSerrania]

What does this PR do?

Improves the pr-quick-check.yml reusable workflow with the following:

• removes secrets: inherit from the initial call to the workflow, as no secrets are used in the pr-quick-check workflow,
• splits the workflow into multiple job, each job having its own set of appropriate permissions.

Note: Since this workflow is called by a pull_request_target workflow, the changes cannot be tested before landing on master. Once this is merged, we should very carefully review runs of the pr-check workflow and verify that nothing broke.

Motivation

Better follow the principle of least privileges in GitHub Actions (task).

Review checklist (to be filled by reviewers)

• Feature or bugfix MUST have appropriate tests (unit, integration, e2e)
• Add the qa/skip-qa label if the PR doesn't need to be tested during QA.
• If you need to backport this PR to another branch, you can add the backport/<branch-name> label to the PR and it will automatically open a backport PR once this one is merged